Shock in a remote area that does nothing more than frighten the AnĮarthquake in a densely populated area which results in manyĭeaths and considerable damage may have the same magnitude as a The Richter Scale is not used to express damage. Recently, another scaleĬalled the moment magnitude scale has been devised for more Richter Scale has no upper limit, the largest known shocks have Such size occurs somewhere in the world each year. Such as the 1964 Good Friday earthquake in Alaska, have Sensitive seismographs all over the world. Such shocks annually-are strong enough to be recorded by Magnitudes of about 4.5 or greater-there are several thousand Thus, magnitude can be computed from the record of any calibratedĮarthquakes with magnitude of about 2.0 or less are usuallyĬalled microearthquakes they are not commonly felt by people andĪre generally recorded only on local seismographs. ![]() Instruments are carefully calibrated with respect to each other. Records from instruments of identical manufacture. Earthquake-induced liquefaction of the earth-filled dam resulted in a landslide that caused partial collapseĪt first, the Richter Scale could be applied only to the ![]() Van Norman Dam, San Fernando, California, 1971. Than the amount associated with the preceding whole number Scale corresponds to the release of about 31 times more energy Magnitude represents a tenfold increase in measured amplitude asĪn estimate of energy, each whole number step in the magnitude The logarithmic basis of the scale, each whole number increase in Magnitude of 5.3 might be computed for a moderate earthquake, andĪ strong earthquake might be rated as magnitude 6.3. On the Richter Scale, magnitude isĮxpressed in whole numbers and decimal fractions. In the distance between the various seismographs and theĮpicenter of the earthquakes. Included in the magnitude formula to compensate for the variation The amplitude of waves recorded by seismographs. Magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the logarithm of Mathematical device to compare the size of earthquakes. Richter of the California Institute of Technology as a The Richter magnitude scale was developed in 1935 by Charlesį. The time, location, and magnitude of an earthquakeĬan be determined from the data recorded by seismograph Motions, can detect strong earthquakes from sources anywhere in Sensitive seismographs, which greatly magnify these ground Varying amplitude of ground oscillations beneath the instrument. ![]() Seismographs record a zig-zag trace that shows the Travel through the Earth they are recorded on instruments called Seismic waves are the vibrations from earthquakes that Highway interchange heavily damaged by the magnitude 6.5 earthquake The point on the Earth's surface directly above theįocus is called the epicenter of the earthquake. Rupture takes place is called the focus orĮarthquake. Shearing movements along faults in the crust of the Earth, anĮarthquake results. When this energy is released suddenly, for example by TheĮnergy from these forces is stored in a variety of ways within Interior that continuously affect the surface of the Earth. Thus represented by a single, instrumentally determined value.Įarthquakes are the result of forces deep within the Earth's It is based on theĪmplitude of the earthquake waves recorded on instruments which Released at the hypocenter of the earthquake. Magnitude is related to the amount of seismic energy ![]() The observer with respect to the earthquake epicenter. To place within the disturbed region depending on the location of On people, buildings, and natural features. Intensity is based on the observed effects of ground shaking The severity of an earthquake can be expressed in terms of both
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